Dhurrin Free Sorghum-Sudangrass?

    What is dhurrin free sorghum-sudangrass? Well, prussic acid is commonly produced in sorghum plants including johnsongrass.  This is a real problem for cattle producers  because prussic acid can kill cows!  Prussic acid is produced in the sorghum plants by the breakdown of dhurrin which accumulates in young tissues especially when under stress.  So if you could develop a plant without dhurrin then you have a plant without prussic acid!

    Purdue University has developed a dhurrin free (DX) sorghum-sudangrass hybrid that should be a super addition to any grazing program.  According to a research study conducted by Purdue they compared their new DX hybrid to 3 conventional hybrids and the sheep in the experiment grazed more on the DX hybrid.  Also the DX hybrid was safer than all 3 conventional hybrids so that by September they found prussic acid in all 3 conventional hybrids and none in the DX hybrid.  Hopefully this new DX hybrid will be available soon.

New Prickly Pear Product

Dow Agrosciences is changing lots of things up from a name change to a new prickly pear control chemical. MezaVue.  It is a weird name but basically it is the old Surmount herbicide that has done a great job and added in the chemical aminopyralid.  This chemical has proved its worth in pasture weed control and its addition to Surmount is supposed to kill cactus even faster than before.  Surmount was a great improvement over Tordon and MezaVue will improve that even more.  We will keep you posted.

Peanuts in the Area

In driving around this area you may have noticed several fields of peanuts.  No, this is not a new crop for our area as many old timers like Jim Farley or Bill Boswell can explain.  Peanuts are an old crop that has returned with a new purpose.  Growers are interested in peanuts for several reasons.  One, the price is better than it has been for many years.  It’s not great but it is better.  Second, it is a great rotation crop to cotton.  Peanuts are a deep rooted legume and the crop residue is a great soil builder.  Third, both Golden and Birdsong Peanut Companies are renewing their interest in this peanut producing area.  They have upgraded their facilities, improved their peanut handling for growers and will help growers get the crop to their facilities.  So, peanuts are back and it sure feels good!

Beef Cow Feeding

It is obvious that we are low on forages this year.  The lack of rain in the critical growing portion of the year has put every beef producer in a bind.  In good rainfall years we can see our native pastures supplying 3,000 lbs per acre, improved natives around 4,500 lbs per year and Tifton 85 bermudagrass around 8,000 lbs per acre.  Figure on grazing 250 days a year and we generally need 25 acres of native or 10 acres of bermudagrass per cow for grazing.  This leaves about 115 days for feeding hay which is about  right!  115 days times 30lbs per day is 3,450 lbs of hay you need but a lot is wasted so you need about 4 bales per cow.  Now how much they eat depends on how good your hay is, less if it is poor quality!!

Years like this has pushed hay prices to $80 per roll or higher and so total for 4 rolls is $320.  The hope is that your hay quality is high enough to meet cow needs and you don’t have to add to the $320 with lots of supplements.

So what does a dry cow need everyday to meet her needs and not be hurt?  If your hay is 9% crude protein and 50% TDN (energy) then feeding 30 lbs a day meets her needs.  If on the other hand you have typical local hay at 7% crude protein and 45% TDN then you need to supplement some protein and energy source.

But the real question is what if I don’t have the hay or the hay is limited?  Then you need a supplement that provides enough protein and energy to maintain her condition and cheaper than buying quality hay.  Just keep in mind that at $80 per roll that is about $2.80 per day in hay cost.  If you only have enough hay to feed 75% of normal then 75% of $2.80 is $2.10 in hay costs leaving you 70 cents to buy a supplement.  Can you do that?

Maybe you can with a good small grain pasture.  Small grains are high in protein and energy, highly digestible and filling.  They can be a great supplement if limit grazed.  They can easily produce 4,000 lbs of dry matter per acre so that as a supplement means it doesn’t take many acres to limit graze with hay.  

Lastly, it is important to add that if you supplement a protein only, then you can skip days even up to a week with no digestive upset in your cows.  If you feed a protein-energy supplement then they must be fed daily or your cattle can go off feed and take days to adjust.  Any diet changes should be done slowly and regularly!

Herbicide Modes of Action “Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors”

There are lots of herbicides available for controlling almost every kind of weed there is but knowing which one to use can be difficult.  Let me try to unscramble some of the confusing words we use all the time by talking in this newsletter about how herbicides work commonly known as “mode of action.”.
First we have at least 27 different modes of action (MOA) in herbicides.  What this means is that the herbicide chemical will go to a particular part or site of the plant and work to disrupt that process in the plant.  For instance, Plateau is a type of amino acid synthesis inhibitor.  It prevents the synthesis or formation of one or more amino acids in the plant.  These amino acids are essential to the plant for growth because they are the food for the plant.  So when you use an amino acid synthesis inhibitor the plant begins to starve to death.  This is the reason the “Plateau” or “Outrider,” has the reputation of working slow.
What else is in this family of herbicides?  You may recognize some of the common names of these imidizonaline herbicides like Cadre, Plateau, Pursuit.  Or maybe these in the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides like Cimarron Plus, Glean, Ally, Amber, Permit, Sandea or Outrider.  All these are in the family of amino acid synthesis inhibitors and have the same mode of action.